LITERARY Anonymous: THE OLD TESTAMENT THE NEW TESTAMENT Nietzsche: THUS SPOKE ZARATHUSTRA Dante: THE DIVINE COMEDY Shelley: FRANKENSTEIN Stevenson: DR. JEKYLL AND MR. HYDE Wagner: THE RING Campbell: THE HERO WITH A THOUSAND FACES (Kubrick reportedly gave a copy of this to Clarke to read [P.B., p. 77]) Myths: THESEUS AND THE MINOTAUR DAVID VS. GOLIATH ANTAEUS ACHILLES' HEEL ULYSSES (AND THE SIRENS) GARDEN OF EDEN CRUCIFIXION AND RESURRECTION MUSICAL Strauss, Richard: THUS SPAKE ZARATHUSTRA (opening/end) Ligeti, Gyorgy: ATMOSPHERES (monolith) LUX AETERNA REQUIEM Strauss, Johann: THE BLUE DANUBE (space station) Khatchaturian, Aram: GAYANE BALLET SUITE (inside space station) [Detailed] Title Music: "Daybreak" movement, "Also Sprach Zarathustra", Opus 30, Richard Strauss [The MGM soundtrack album uses a different recording than that used in the film, I think; the one on the soundtrack album is by Karl Boehm and the Berlin Philharmonic, available on DG {BTW, the late Maestro Boehm was a personal friend of R. Strauss, and this was his and the Berlin Philharmonic's first stereo recording, in 1958}]. Monolith at ape-site: the "Kyrie" from "Requiem for Soprano, Mezzo- soprano, 2 mixed choirs, and Orchestra", Gyorgi Ligeti. Deutsche Grammaphon recording, Bavarian Radio Symphony, Francis Travis conducting. Moonwatcher discovers tool: reprise: "Daybreak" from "Zarathustra" Matchcut to bone (after killing other ape) and spaceflight: "Die Blaue Danube", Johann Strauss. DG recording, Berlin Philharmonic, Herbert von Karajan, conductor. Journey across the lunar surface to TMA-1: "Lux Aeterna", Ligeti. DG recording, Stuttgart Schola Cantorum, Clytus Gottwald, choirmaster. (I think when the autronauts reach TMA-1 there is a reprise of the Kyrie) Jupiter Mission: Adagio (Solo) from the ballet "Gayane", Aram Khachaturian. DG recording, Leningrad Philharmonic, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, conductor. 'Jupiter space' & Monolith: reprise: Ligeti's "Kyrie" Stargate: "Atmospheres", Gyorgi Ligeti. DG recording, Sudwestfunk (South German Radio) Orchestra, Ernest Bour, conductor. Hotel Sequence: sampled and modified version of "Atmospheres" (Ligeti sued Kubrick for copyright and won). Starchild: reprise, "Daybreak" from "Zarathustra" End title music: reprise: final portion of "The Blue Danube". Kubrick selected the music himself from his own record collection. As with all his later films, most of the classical music used in his films (including almost all the soundtrack for The Shining [Bartok's "Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta", Berlin Philharmonic, Herbert von Karajan]) is licensed from Deutsche Grammaphon, And available on disc or CD. (G.A) SOCIO/POLITICAL HAL ^^^ _ _ _ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ~ ~ ~
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